The Deepest Point in the Oceans

The Earths oceans range in depth from the surface to more than 36,000 feet deep. The average depth clocks in at just over 2 miles, or about 12,100 feet. The deepest known point is nearly 7 miles below the surface. Deepest Point in the World's Oceans The oceans deepest area is the Mariana Trench, also called the Marianas Trench, which is in the western part of the Pacific Ocean. The trench is 1,554 miles long and 44 miles wide, or 120 times larger  than the Grand Canyon. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the trench is almost 5 times wider than it is deep. The deepest point  of the trench is called Challenger Deep, after the British ship  Challenger II, which discovered it on a 1951 surveying expedition. Challenger Deep lies at the southern end of the Mariana Trench near the Mariana Islands. Various measurements have been taken of the oceans depth at Challenger Deep, but it is usually described as 11,000 meters deep, or 6.84 miles beneath the oceans surface. At 29,035 feet,  Mount Everest  is the tallest spot on Earth, yet if you submerged the mountain with its base at Challenger Deep, the peak would still be more than a mile below the surface. The water pressure at Challenger Deep is 8 tons per square inch. By comparison, water pressure at a depth of 1 foot is just over 15 pounds per square inch. Creation of the Mariana Trench The Mariana Trench is at the convergence of two of the Earths plates, the massive sections of the planets rigid outer shell just below the crust. The Pacific plate is subducted or dives underneath, the Philippine plate. During this slow dive, the Philippine plate was pulled down, which formed the trench. Human Visits to the Bottom Oceanographers Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh explored the Challenger Deep in January 1960 aboard a bathyscaphe named Trieste. The submersible carried the scientists 36,000 feet down, which took 5 hours. They could spend only 20 minutes on the sea floor, where they viewed an ooze and some shrimp and fish, although their view was hampered by sediment stirred up by their ship. The trip back to the surface took 3 hours. On March 25, 2012, filmmaker and National Geographic Explorer James Cameron became the first person to make a solo voyage to the deepest point on Earth. His 24-foot tall submersible, the  Deepsea Challenger, reached 35,756 feet (10,898 meters) after a 2.5-hour descent. Unlike Piccard and Walshs brief visit, Cameron spent more than 3 hours exploring the trench, although his attempts to take biological samples were hampered by technical glitches. Two unmanned submersibles—one from Japan and the other from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts—have explored the Challenger Deep. Marine Life in the Mariana Trench Despite cold temperatures, extreme pressure, and lack of light, marine life does exist in the Mariana Trench. Single-celled protists called foraminifera, crustaceans, other invertebrates, and even fish have been found there.

The American Military And International Law Of War Essay

â€Å"The law of war is that part of international law that regulates the resort to armed forces; the conduct of hostilities and the protection of war victims in both international and non-international armed conflict; belligerent occupation; and the relationships between belligerent, neutral, and non-belligerent States.† (DoD, Law of War Manual, pg. 7). Futurists Alvin and Heidi Toffler, authors of The Third Wave and War and Anti-War, claim we have entered a new era of warfare – information warfare. In the Third Wave, information ascends to become the most important resource and, as such, becomes a significant means of both preventing and limiting future wars as well as winning wars. Many scoff at the ideas as so much hype, but perhaps so, but is important to realize that the American armed forces are the most information-driven force in the world. The American military uses computers and technology for almost all aspects of protecting our freedoms, from designing weap ons, guiding missile attacks, paying the men and women who serve, write memorandums, control radio networks, manage medical supplies, etc. All facets of our operations and mission success evolve around technology. Many of the identities within the information warfare (IW) community has come to agree that IW is not a single, simple thing, that it has many complex dimensions. â€Å"Coming to grips with information warfare†¦is like the effort of the blind men to discover the nature of the elephant: the one who touchedShow MoreRelatedAmerican Foreign Policy : The Civil War And The Conflict With Isis1460 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican foreign policy has forever been a controversial topic in international discussions. Questions regarding America’s military presence, intent and use of force have long been centers of controversy and debate. 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Section 2, Chapter 1, Article 25 of the Hague Convention states that the bombing of any town or habitations that are not defended is strictly against the law (The Avalon Project - Laws of War), which of course, President Truman paid no attention to when he granted the United States permission to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, and thenRead MorePower, Realism And Constructivism. Hoboken : Taylor And Francis920 Words   |  4 Pagesdefines the important features of international relations theories, which define the underscoring themes of â€Å"realism† as a dominant type of political methodology for American imperialism. Realism is a theory that relies heavily on the notion of self-interested and fear-based notions of protecti ng national interests, which the United States has utilized through its powerful military. This international relations policy has generated a trend in post-9/11 American politics that has defined a unilateral

Overview on ZEN Works Free Essays

Zero Effort Networks (Z.E.N. We will write a custom essay sample on Overview on ZEN Works or any similar topic only for you Order Now works) is a great new tool in NetWare 5, that makes the network administrator†s job a lot easier by allowing him to spend less time at each user workstation. To be able to use the Z.E.N. works these are the minimum hardware requirements: Processor: 486/33 or higher Memory: 16 MB (for Windows 95); 24 MB (for Windows NT) Hard disk space: 4 MB (workstation; 24 MB (full station) Z.E.N. works needs to be installed on the server and the client on the workstation needs to be updated. During the installation process Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs) are copied to the workstation. DLLs contain subprograms that are called by an application to perform certain operations. Another utility that is included in Z.E.N. works to help the distribution and management of applications is the Application Launcher, which consists of four major components: Application objects in the NDS tree Application Launcher Window and Application object The snAppShot utility allows you take a â€Å"snapshot† of the Windows workstation before installing the application. The snapshot includes Registry settings along with the names of system and application files on the workstation. After the application has been installed, the snAppShot utility takes another picture of the workstation†s configuration and then uses the two snapshots to create an Application Object Template (AOT) file. The Application Launcher uses the AOT file to determine what Registry settings and system files need to be copied to the workstation to run the application from the network. In addition to including configuration settings and system file names, the AOT file also contains the name of the Application object and the path where you want to store the AOT and installation files. Consequently, before running the snAppShot utility, you need to define the name you want to use for the Application object and decide where the application and AOT files will be stored. The Application Launcher software consists of two components: the wrapper program and the launcher. The wrapper program determines which launcher program (NALW31.EXE, NALWIN32.EXE, or NAL.EXE) to run based on the client computer†s operating system. The launcher program then determines the Application objects to which the user has access and displays a window showing all applications the user has been authorized to run. When the user selects an application, the launcher determines whether the application is installed on the workstation. If this is the first time the user has run the application from this workstation, the application will automatically be installed using the AOT file created by the snAppShot utility. If Application Launcher senses that the application configuration has been damaged, or files are missing or corrupt, it will automatically correct the application configuration and copy and damaged or missing files. How to cite Overview on ZEN Works, Essay examples

Philosophy of Kant free essay sample

A paper which describes Kants theory of pure and practical reasoning. Immanuel Kant had a supreme interest in making major political changes for the better of society. Kants beliefs were what was considered morally right today should not be affected by the unethical behavior or judgments of yesterday. This paper discusses Kants theory on pure and practical reasoning, how the individual applying this notion affects the entire human race, and can produce the end result of freedom and happiness. For example, the con artist will convince many elderly people that they will make a major contribution to saving the world by allowing him to use their checking account to deposit and take large sums of money. They claim they cannot use any more accounts in their name for insurance reasons. The elderly, wanting to do a good deed, gives the person access to his or her bank account. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of Kant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The con artist cleans out the elderly persons bank account, which had their life savings in it, and skips town. Only later, is it discovered that he uses fake identities. Kants moral law says that we must not consider any previous experiences when making a decision to do what is moral. Lying and deceiving someone is definitely not ethical. Would it be unethical to use an elderly person who was aware of what was going on to catch the con artist, without the thief knowing this was a setup? If the decision to carry out the setup excludes all previous actions, then Kants moral law suggest that lying and deceitfulness is unethical, although this procedure may prevent many other elderly people from becoming victims.